This book is developed in consonance with the ongoing educational reforms in both the basic and higher education levels. As a whole, the new General Education (GE) curriculum aims to "expose undergraduate students to various domains of knowledge and ways of comprehending social and natural realities, developing in the process intellectual competencies and civic capacities" (CHED Memorandum Order No. 20, series 2013). The goal of Mathematics in the Modern World (MMW), one of the eight core courses in the new GE curriculum, is to provide students with a broader range of skills in understanding the various dimensions of mathematics deemed to be essential in developing intellectual, technical, ethical, and practical competencies of individuals. This book, which carries the same title as the course, was primarily developed to meet the objectives of the new GE curriculum, particularly developed to meet the objectives of the new GE curriculum, particularly of MMW. In its entirety, it discusses the nature and functionality of mathematics, with emphasis on deeper and broader appreciation of its practical, intellectual, and aesthetic dimensions.